一、概述
刚好最近客户做好的板子遇到了无法烧录的问题，现以此问题作为例子来对 X9M 芯片烧录及启动的问题进行分析。
板子使用的主控是 X9M 芯片，DDR 使用的是 LPDDR4 MT53X，Flash 用的是 GD25X，我们首先对核心板上的供电、时钟及复位进行测试，确保硬件上的功能正常后，再将启动模式切换到了下图所示的 USB Boot。
二、烧录问题分析
使用原厂提供的烧录工具 SDFactory 进行烧录，出现如下报错：
连接串口可以查看到如下错误信息：
get hwid timeout, will use the dummy one?
version:
arch: ARM
platform: KUNLUN
target: REFERENCE_X9
project: DEFAULT
buildid: X9_PTG3_8_RC5:K71FQ_LOCAL
] change ddr state to 6
DDR init //打印目录 lk/lk_customize/application/system/spl/spl.c
DDR Sequence Version: 0x00010005
dwc_ddrphy_fw_monitor_loop: Opps: DDR Training Failed.
Opps, DDR initialization failed
get_vid_pid vid:0x3273 pid:0x1
get_serialno serial:121b36353853300f
linksts change
U0
linksts change
U5
linksts change
U3
get dev evt usb reset on ep:0, in: 0
conndone
linksts change
U0
usb online
fastboot: processing commands
从以上错误信息可以看到主要是 DDR initialization failed，由于更换了 DDR 及 Flash，相关的烧录引导配置及启动配置都需要做更改，方法如下：
① 修改 lunch_config 目录下的软件配置文件 X9M_RefA03_Isolation_Serdes_8G_3200， lk 和 baremetal 的编译选项可以修改内存大小和内存运行频率，将 DDR_SIZE 改为 4G，DDR_FW 和 DDR_TYPE 改为 lpddr4：
{
"name":"-emmc",
"platform":"X9MREF",
"soc":"X9M",
"board":"RefA03",
"swconf":"Isolation",
"description":"X9M With FreeRTOS Cluster,Enable FastAVM, Serdes Display with 8G DDR based on X9 Ref A03 Board",
"verified_boot":"false",
"build-repo":[
{
"name":"lk",
"branch":"master",
"need-sync":1,
"projects":[
{
"project-name":"spl_x9m_ref_serdes",
"make-config":"DDR_FREQ=3200 DDR_SIZE=4G",
"need-build":1
},
{
"project-name":"ssystem_x9m_ref_serdes",
"make-config":"",
"need-build":1
},
{
"project-name":"dloader_x9m_ref_serdes",
"make-config":"",
"need-build":1
},
{
"project-name":"preloader_x9m_ref_serdes",
"make-config":"",
"need-build":1
},
{
"project-name":"bootloader_x9m_ref_serdes",
"make-config":"DDR_SIZE=4G",
"need-build":1
}
]
},
{
"name":"freertos",
"branch":"master",
"branch2":"lk_freertos",
"need-sync":1,
"projects":[
{
"project-name":"safety-x9m-ref-serdes",
"make-config":" ENABLE_BOOT_ANIMATION=true ENABLE_FASTAVM=true ",
"need-build":1
},
{
"project-name":"ospi_handover-x9m-ms",
"make-config":"",
"need-build":1
}
]
},
{
"name":"android",
"branch":"semidrive_x9_develope",
"need-sync":1,
"projects":[
{
"project-name":"android",
"make-config":"",
"lunch-name":"x9m_ref-userdebug",
"dts":"x9_mid_ref_native_ivi_serdes_avm",
"need-build":1
}
]
},
{
"name":"atf",
"branch":"master",
"need-sync":1,
"projects":[
{
"project-name":"atf",
"make-config":"ATF_BOARD=X9_REF CHIPVERSION=x9_mid PROJECT=serdes",
"need-build":1
}
]
},
{
"name":"baremetal",
"branch":"master",
"need-sync":1,
"projects":[
{
"project-name":"dil",
"make-config":"BOARD=x9_mid_ref CFG=t_loader DDR_FW=lpddr4 DDR_TYPE=lpddr4 DDR_SIZE=4GB DDR_FREQ=3200",
"need-build":1
},
{
"project-name":"dil2",
"make-config":"BOARD=x9_mid_ref CFG=t_loader DIL2=1",
"need-build":1
}
]
}
],
"gen-pac":{
"need-gen":1,
"system_config":"generate/x9_mid/projects/serdes/system_config.bin",
"dts":"x9_mid_ref_native_ivi_serdes_avm",
"safety-res":"BootAnimation cluster controlpanel fastavm audio"
}
}
② 新增一个内存训练脚本，需要在 LK 和 BareMetal_Suite 里同时添加。LK 中内存训练脚本是下载模式下使用，BareMetal_Suite 中内存训练脚本是启动时使用。改动如下：
1）lk/lk_customize/project/dloader_x9m_ref_serdes.mk
diff --git a/project/dloader_x9m_ref_serdes.mk b/project/dloader_x9m_ref_serdes.mk
index 71b5b63..b9da0c7 100755
--- a/project/dloader_x9m_ref_serdes.mk
+++ b/project/dloader_x9m_ref_serdes.mk
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ SUPPORT_CLKGEN_SDDRV := true
SUPPORT_FUSE_CTRL := true
#for mt35x nor flash, rom needs to reset ospi before reading it
-NORFLASH_DEVICE_TYPE := mt35x
+#NORFLASH_DEVICE_TYPE := mt35x
+NORFLASH_DEVICE_TYPE := gd25x
TOGGLE_OSPI_RESET_ENABLE := true
include $(LOCAL_DIR)/../project/common/dloader.mk
2）lk/lk_customize/project/spl_x9m_ref_serdes.mk
diff --git a/project/spl_x9m_ref_serdes.mk b/project/spl_x9m_ref_serdes.mk
index 246db2c..a3c644a 100644
--- a/project/spl_x9m_ref_serdes.mk
+++ b/project/spl_x9m_ref_serdes.mk
@@ -30,5 +30,6 @@ NEED_CHANGE_VOLTAGE := true
SUPPORT_FUSE_CTRL :=true
DDR_FREQ := 3200
+LPDDR4 :=true
include $(LOCAL_DIR)/../project/common/spl.mk
3）lk/lk_customize/target/reference_x9/secure/ddr_init.c
diff --git a/reference_x9/secure/ddr_init.c b/reference_x9/secure/ddr_init.c
index cb07516..d11980e 100644
--- a/reference_x9/secure/ddr_init.c
+++ b/reference_x9/secure/ddr_init.c@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ const uint32_t ddr_init_seq_sz_max = sizeof(ddr_init_seq);
#endif
uint32_t ddr_init(void)
{
#if defined(SAF_CORE)
setup_scr(scr_safETY__RW__ddr_ss_pwrokin_aon,0x1);
#else
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ uint32_t ddr_init(void)
#endif
#if CFG_PARSE_RUN_DDR_INIT_SEQ
if (0 != run_ddr_init_seq(&ddr_init_seq[0])) {
return -1;
}
@@ -91,6 +93,10 @@ uint32_t ddr_init(void)
#include "ddr_init_script/lpddr4/ddr_init_lpddr4_8GB_3200.c"
#elif DDR_3G_4266
#include "ddr_init_script/lpddr4/ddr_init_lpddr4_3GB_4266.c"
+#elif DDR_4G_4266
+#include "ddr_init_script/lpddr4/ddr_init_lpddr4_4GB_4266.c"
+#elif DDR_4G_3200
+#include "ddr_init_script/lpddr4/ddr_init_lpddr4_4GB_3200.c"
#elif DDR_3G_3200
#include "ddr_init_script/lpddr4/ddr_init_lpddr4_3GB_3200.c"
#else
4）在 lk/lk_customize/target/reference_x9/secure/ddr_init_script/lpddr4 和在 BareMetal_Suite/board/x9_mid_ref/ddr_init_script/lpddr4 目录下都添加内存训练脚本文件：
ddr_init_lpddr4_3200.c & ddr_init_lpddr4_4266.c
完成以上修改后，重新编译 lk 和 baremetal 即可，将编译生成的 FDA.img、OPSIDA.img、DLOADER.img 替换掉
重新执行烧录，可以看到烧录成功
三、启动问题分析
镜像烧录完成后，切换启动模式为 OSPI 启动（0000），连接好串口后，接通电源。此时发现串口没有任何输出，供电也都正常，查看 GD25X 芯片手册后发现，GD25X 是 QSPI 只支持到四线模式，我们还需要根据使用的 FLASH 芯片修改 FLASH 的启动配置表。
这里的配置表是指的 sfs，sfs 是根据 meta-semidrive/script 下的 mt35_octal_ouput_fast_read.json 编出来的，路径如下：buildsystem-x9-ptg3.8/yocto/meta-semidrive/scripts/x9m_ref_serdes/mt35_octal_ouput_fast_read.json 。可以看到有如下的属性配置
"xfer_attr_t":{
"cmd": "0x0B",
"cinst_type": 3,
"caddr_type": 3,
"cdata_type": 3,
"caddr_size": 4,
"cmode": 0,
"cdummy_size": 16,
"cflag": "(0x01 << 2)|(0x01 << 1)",
"rsvd":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
},
我们需要参考 buildsystem-x9-ptg3.8/yocto/meta-semidrive/scripts/bf200/gd25_lb256e_low 进行修改，对应需要改为如下内容：
"xfer_attr_t": {
"cmd": "0x6c",
"cinst_type": 0,
"caddr_type": 0,
"cdata_type": 2,
"caddr_size": 4,
"cmode": 0,
"cdummy_size": 8,
"cflag": 0,
"rsvd": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
},
这里面所对应的命令及参数解释如下：
"xfer_attr_t_comments": {
"des": "Read XFER Configuration",
"size": "16 bytes",
"cmd": {
"des": "The command code for read",
"size": "1byte"
},
"cinst_type": {
"des": "IO type of CMD",
"size": "1byte, below is valid data",
"0": "Single IO",
"1": "Dual IO",
"2": "Quad IO",
"3": "Octal IO"
},
"caddr_type": {
"des": "IO type of Adress",
"size": "1byte, below is valid data",
"0": "Single IO",
"1": "Dual IO",
"2": "Quad IO",
"3": "Octal IO"
},
"cdata_type": {
"des": "IO type of Data",
"size": "1byte, below is valid data",
"0": "Single IO",
"1": "Dual IO",
"2": "Quad IO",
"3": "Octal IO"
},
"caddr_size": {
"des": "Address sizea",
"size": "1byte, below is valid data",
"3": "3bytes addressing",
"4": "4bytes addressing"
},
"cmode": {
"des": "Mode, The Mode value to be sent, Valid only if MODE_VALID set in Flag",
"size": "1byte"
},
"cdummy_size": {
"des": "Dummy size, The number of the dummy cycles",
"size": "1byte"
},
"cflag": {
"des": "Flag",
"size": "1byte, below is valid defined",
"Bit0": "DDR, indicating this read xfer is in DDR mode",
"Bit1": "DQS, indicating this read xfer shall use DQS",
"Bit2": "DTR, indicating this read xfer is in DTR(Double Data Rate) protocol",
"Bit3": "DUAL_OPCODE_INV",
"Bit4": "Data Flip",
"Bit5": "MODE_VALID",
"Bit6": "ECC_EN,For safety ROM only,If set, Rom code setup ECC_FAIL pad and enbale ECC_FAIL IRQ",
"Bit7": "CRC_EN,For safety ROM only,If set, Rom code enables CRC feature of OSPI controller and also enable RX_CRC_MASK_IRQ"
},
"rsvd": {
"des": "Reserved",
"size": "8bytes, Shall be 0"
}
},
如下图为 GD25X 芯片手册介绍的相关 Command，Code 的值就对应着代码中 "cmd" 的值，Command-Address-Data 就分别对应着 "cinst_type"、"caddr_type"、"cdata_type"，Dummy Clock Cycles 即为 "cdummy_size"，Address Bytes 即为 "caddr_size"
这里配置了 cmd = 0x6c，即为 4-Byte Quad Output Fast Read，说明如下，
完成 FLASH 配置文件的修改后，执行如下命令，在当前目录下生成 sfs 配置文件：
python ./gen_sfs_binary.py --json ./x9m_ref_serdes/mt35_octal_ouput_fast_read.json --out ./sfs.img
将生成的 sfs 配置表通过烧录软件单独烧录进板子后，可以看到启动 log 正常输出。
以上步骤便解决了 X9M 芯片烧录及启动失败的问题。
四、参考文献
《gd25lb512me-datasheet_v1.1》
《SD_X9_SDK_User_Manual》
《SemiDrive_9Series_Boot》
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